Which pests are known to attack trunks, stems, or branches of plants?

The correct answer is scale insects and mealybugs, as these pests specifically target the trunks, stems, and branches of plants. Both scale insects and mealybugs attach themselves to these parts of the plant, feeding on plant sap. This feeding can weaken the plant, cause stress, and potentially lead to broader issues like dieback or even death if infestations become severe. Their presence is often identified by a sticky residue, or honeydew, they excrete, which can encourage the growth of sooty mold.

Fungus gnats primarily affect the roots of plants rather than the trunks or stems. They are more of a concern in potting soil and can harm young plants but do not target the above-ground parts of the plant like scale insects and mealybugs do.

Ticks are external parasites that typically feed on the blood of vertebrates and do not infest plants in the same manner as scale insects or mealybugs. They are more of a concern for animals and humans rather than plants.

Ants are not direct pests of the plant trunk, stem, or branches, although they can be a secondary concern as they often protect scale insects and mealybugs due to the honeydew these pests produce. However, ants themselves do not damage