What do root-knot nematodes cause on plants?

Root-knot nematodes are specific plant-parasitic nematodes that cause characteristic galls or knots to form on the roots of infected plants. These swollen areas, which can vary in size, disrupt the normal root function and inhibit water and nutrient uptake, leading to overall plant health decline. While root-knot nematodes can indirectly cause other issues like reduced flower production and poor foliage due to their damaging impact on root systems, the hallmark sign of their infestation is indeed the formation of small knots or galls on the roots. This distinct symptom is a direct result of the nematodes' feeding activity and is crucial for identifying the presence of these pests in the soil.